KTPP Yerleşik Yetişkinlik

İnsan Gelişiminde Yeni Bir Kavram: Yerleşik Yetişkinlik

Asil Ali Özdoğru

Psikoloji ve psikiyatri bilim ve pratiğinde gelişimsel yaklaşım temel bir bakış açısı teşkil etmektedir. Birey ve toplum ruh sağlığı araştırma ve uygulamalarında gelişimsel yaklaşım oldukça önemli ve işlevseldir. Yaşam boyu gelişim yaklaşımına göre insan gelişimi sadece erken dönem deneyimleri tarafından değil yetişkinlik dönemindeki deneyim ve yaşam olayları tarafından da şekillenmektedir. Son yüzyılda dünyada yaşanan sosyal ve toplumsal değişimler yetişkin gelişimine ilişkin yeni kavram ve kuramların ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Yetişkin gelişimi alanında geliştirilen yerleşik yetişkinlik kavramı otuz ila kırklı yaşlardaki yetişkinlerde görülen genel deneyim ve zorluklara güncel bir bakış açısı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gelişim psikolojisi, İnsan gelişimi, Orta yaşlı

Atıf: Özdoğru, A. A. (2025). İnsan gelişiminde yeni bir kavram: Yerleşik yetişkinlik [Editöre mektup]. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 212-213. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.25.2.12

PLOS One Man

Multi-Region Investigation of ‘Man’ as Default in Attitudes

Curtis Edward Phills, Jeremy K. Miller, Erin M. Buchanan, Amanda Williams, Chanel Meyers, Elizabeth R. Brown, Janis Zickfeld, Selina Volsa, Stefan Stieger, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Vinka Mlakic, Martin Vasilev, İlker Dalgar, Sami Çoksan, Sinem Söylemez, Çağlar Solak, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Belemir Çoktok, Chun-Chia Kung, Panita Suavansri, Harry Manley, Sara Álvarez-Solas,Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Ivan Ropovik, Gabriel Baník, Peter Babinčák, Matúš Adamkovič, Pavol Kačmár, Monika Hricová, Jozef Bavoľár, Lisa Li, Fei Gao, Zhong Chen, Vanja Ković, Vasilije Gvozdenović, Patrícia Arriaga, Katarzyna Filip, Krystian Barzykowski, Sylwia Adamus, Gerit Pfuhl, Sarah E. Martiny, Kristoffer Klevjer, Frederike S. Woelfert, Christian K. Tamnes, Jonas R. Kunst, Max Korbmacher, Margaret Messiah Singh, Sraddha Pradhan, Noorshama Parveen, Arti Parganiha, Babita Pande, Pratibha Kujur, Priyanka Chandel, Niv Reggev, Aviv Mokady, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Roxane Schnepper, Jan Philipp Röer, Tilli Ripp, Ekaterina Pronizius, Claus Lamm, Martin Voracek, Jerome Olsen, Janina Enachescu, Carlota Batres, Daniel Storage, Carmel A. Levitan, Manyu Li, Leigh Ann Vaughn, William J. Chopik, Kathleen Schmidt, Peter R. Mallik, Savannah Lewis, Brynna Leach, Brianna Jurosic, David Moreau, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Steve M. J. Janssen, Alicia Foo, Chrystalle B. Y. Tan, Glenn P. Williams, Danny Riis, Bethany M. Lane, Dermot Lynott, Thomas Rhys Evans, Miroslav Sirota, Dawn L. Holford, Kaitlyn M. Werner, Kelly Wang, Marina Milyavskaya, Ian D. Stephen, Robert M. Ross, Andrew Roberts, Omid Ghasemi, Niklas K. Steffens, Kim Peters, Barnaby Dixson, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Anthonieta Looman Mafra, Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu, Yago Luksevicius de Moraes, Luana Oliveira da Silva, Caio Santos Alves da Silva, Mai Helmy, Mariah Balderrama, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Tyler McGee, Zahir Vally, Attila Szuts, Patrick Forscher, Pablo Bernabeu, Balazs Aczel, Anna Szabelska, Sau-Chin Chen, Christopher R. Chartier, Zoltan Kekecs

Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes’ relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N > 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.

Citation: Phills, C. E, Miller, J. K., Buchanan, E. M., Williams, A., Meyers, C., Brown, E. R., Zickfeld, J., Volsa, S., Stieger, S., Oberzaucher, E., Mlakic, V., Vasilev, M., Dalgar, İ., Çoksan, S., Söylemez, S., Solak, Ç., Özdoğru, A. A., Çoktok, B., Kung, C.-C., . . . Kekecs, Z. (2025). Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes. PLoS One, 20(6), e0323938. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323938

EIT Social Presence

Examining the Role of Social Connectedness and Sense of Humor on Social Presence in Online Learning Environments

Asil Ali Özdoğru, Ekmel Geçer, and Hakkı Bağcı

Social connectedness is the feeling of belonging to a network or engaging in social interactions and it pertains to the sense of community and interpersonal bonds that students establish in face-to-face or online learning environments. Social presence is one of the crucial components of online learning that describes how much users feel like they are interacting with actual people instead of just using digital interfaces. Sense of humor is a personal disposition that allows students to appreciate, produce, and use humor in social interactions and learning. This study aimed to investigate the role of social connectedness and sense of humor in social presence in online learning environments. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey research model, students enrolled in Turkish higher education institutions who were recruited through convenience sampling were included in the study. Participants consisted of a total of 516 students between the ages of 18 and 52 with a mean age of 23.12 (SD = 5.30). Participants responded to an online survey consisting of demographic questions, Social Presence Scale (SPS), Sense of Humor Questionnaire 6 Revised (SHQ-6-R), and Social Connectedness Scale (SCS). Analyses showed that SPS was positively correlated with SHQ-6-R and SCS and they accounted for %9 of change in SPS along with some of the participant characteristics. Findings indicate that social connectedness and sense of humor are important in students’ feeling of social presence in online learning environments and social psychological characteristics of students need to be considered in the design of instructional experiences in online learning environments.

Keywords: Online learning, Social presence, Social connectedness, Sense of humor

Citation: Özdoğru, A. A., Geçer, E., & Bağcı, H. (2025). Examining the role of social connectedness and sense of humor on social presence in online learning environments. Education and Information Technologies. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13666-7

AMPPS RRR

Registered Replication Report: Study 3 From Trafimow and Hughes (2012)

Sean C. Rife, Quinn Lambert, Robert Calin-Jageman, Matúš Adamkovič, Gabriel Banik, Itxaso Barberia, Jennifer Beaudry, Hanna Bernauer, Dustin Calvillo, William J. Chopik, Louise David, Ismay de Beijer, Thomas Rhys Evans, Andree Hartanto, Pavol Kačmár, Nicole Legate, Marcel Martončik, Karlijn Massar, Simon McCabe, David Moreau, Şevval Osmanoğlu, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Miriam Panning, Maximilian Primbs, John Protzko, Javier Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Jan P. Röer, Ivan Ropovik, Simon Schindler, Willem Sleegers, Gill ten Hoor, Ulrich S. Tran, Hein van Schie, Martin Voracek, and Brady Wiggins

Terror-management theory (TMT) proposes that when people are made aware of their own death, they are more likely to endorse cultural values. TMT is a staple of social psychology, featured prominently in textbooks and the subject of much research. The implications associated with TMT are significant because its advocates claim it can partially explain cultural conflicts, intergroup antagonisms, and even war. However, considerable ambiguity regarding effect size exists, and no preregistered replication of death-thought-accessibility findings exists. Moreover, there is debate regarding the role of time delay between the manipulation of mortality salience and assessment of key measures. We present results from 22 labs in 11 countries (total N = 3,447) attempting to replicate and extend an existing study of TMT, Study 3 from Trafimow and Hughes, and the role of time-delay effects. We successfully replicate Trafimow and Hughes and demonstrate that it is possible to prime death-related thoughts and that priming is more effective when there is no delay between the priming and outcome measure. Implications for future research and TMT are discussed.

Keywords: terror-management theory, replication, preregistration, death-thought accessibility, open data, open materials, preregistered

Citation: Rife, S. C., Lambert, Q., Calin-Jageman, R., Adamkovič, M., Banik, G., Barberia, I., Beaudry, J., Bernauer, H., Calvillo, D., Chopik, W. J.,  David, L., de Beijer, I., Evans, T. R., Hartanto, A., Kačmár, P., Legate, N., Martončik, M., Massar, K., McCabe, S., . . . Wiggins, B. (2025). Registered replication report: Study 3 from Trafimow and Hughes (2012). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 8(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251328334

Mülteci Çocuklar

Mülteci Çocukların İyi Oluşlarına Yönelik Psikososyal Müdahale Programları

Hanife Büşra Feyizoğlu Doğrusadık ve Asil Ali Özdoğru

Dünya genelinde savaş, afet ve diğer zorunlu sebeplerle yaşanan göçlerden etkilenen grupların başında çocuklar gelmektedir. Göçmen çocukların güvenlik, barınma, sağlık ve eğitim haklarının korunması ile çocuklara ve ailelerine gerekli hizmetlerin sunulması konusunda hem ev sahibi ülkelere hem de uluslararası kuruluşlara önemli görevler düşmektedir. Mültecilere yönelik uygulanan psikososyal destek programlarının mülteci çocuklar ile ailelerinin ruh sağlığı ve iyi oluşlarına olumlu etkileri olabilmektedir. Türkiye, son yıllarda yaşanan yoğun göç hareketleri neticesinde dünyanın en fazla mülteci nüfusuna sahip ülkelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu bölümde, göçün mülteci çocuklar üzerindeki psikolojik ve sosyal etkileri özetlenmektedir. Ayrıca mülteci çocuklara yönelik uygulanan müdahale programlarına ilişkin öne çıkan hususlarla beraber dünyadan ve Türkiye’den örnek programlara yer verilmektedir. Göçün olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak, bireysel ve toplumsal iyi oluşa katkı sunmak için bilimsel kaynaklara dayanan psikososyal destek programlarının nicelik ve niteliklerinin artırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Atıf: Feyizoğlu Doğrusadık, H. B. ve Özdogru, A. A. (2025). Mülteci çocukların iyi oluşlarına yönelik psikososyal müdahale programları. İ. S. Ersoy, M. F. Aysan ve E. Kurğan (Ed.), Küresel göç ve Türkiye içinde (ss. 117-143). Marmara Üniversitesi Yayınevi. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/MUBooks.4

Kadının Gelişimi

Kadının Yaşam Boyu Gelişimi

Asil Ali Özdoğru ve Eda Şen

İnsan gelişimi döllenmeden ölüme kadar süren yaşam boyu bir süreçte gerçekleşir. Bu süreçte insanın biyolojik ve psikolojik gelişimi, farklı gelişim alanlarındaki kazanç, durağanlık ve kaybı içerir. İnsanın fiziksel, bilişsel ve sosyoduygusal gelişim alanlarında farklı gelişim dönemlerinde çeşitli değişim ve dönüşümler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Doğum öncesi, bebeklik, çocukluk, ergenlik ve yetişkinlik dönemlerinin gelişimsel özellik ve örüntüleri farklılıklar arz etmektedir. İnsan gelişiminin iyi bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi için bu farklı dönem ve alanların yakından incelenmesi gerekir. ...

Atıf: Özdogru, A. A. ve Şen, E. (2025). Kadının yaşam boyu gelişimi. M. Bilici (Ed.), Kadın psikolojisi: Normal ve anormal içinde (ss. 51-76). Gazi Kitabevi.

FRAI Algorithms

Factors Influencing Trust in Algorithmic Decision-Making: An Indirect Scenario-Based Experiment

Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Rebecca Marrone, Malgorzata Korolkiewicz, Florence Gabriel, George Siemens, Srecko Joksimovic, Yuki Yamada, Yuki Mori, Talal Rahwan, Maria Sahakyan, Belona Sonna, Assylbek Meirmanov, Aidos Bolatov, Bidisha Som, Izuchukwu Ndukaihe, Nwadiogo C. Arinze, Josef Kundrát, Lenka Skanderová, Van-Giang Ngo, Giang Nguyen, Michelle Lacia, Chun-Chia Kung, Meiselina Irmayanti, Abdul Muktadir, Fransiska Timoria Samosir, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Roberto Giorgini, Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Hassan Banaruee, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Kris Ariyabuddhiphongs, Wachirawit Rakchai, Natalia Trujillo, Stella Maris Valencia, Armina Janyan, Kiril Kostov, Pedro R. Montoro, Jose Hinojosa, Kelsey Medeiros, Thomas E. Hunt, Julian Posada, Raquel Meister Ko Freitag, and Julian Tejada

Algorithms are involved in decisions ranging from trivial to significant, but people often express distrust toward them. Research suggests that educational efforts to explain how algorithms work may help mitigate this distrust. In a study of 1,921 participants from 20 countries, we examined differences in algorithmic trust for low-stakes and high-stakes decisions. Our results suggest that statistical literacy is negatively associated with trust in algorithms for high-stakes situations, while it is positively associated with trust in low-stakes scenarios with high algorithm familiarity. However, explainability did not appear to influence trust in algorithms. We conclude that having statistical literacy enables individuals to critically evaluate the decisions made by algorithms, data and AI, and consider them alongside other factors before making significant life decisions. This ensures that individuals are not solely relying on algorithms that may not fully capture the complexity and nuances of human behavior and decision-making. Therefore, policymakers should consider promoting statistical/AI literacy to address some of the complexities associated with trust in algorithms. This work paves the way for further research, including the triangulation of data with direct observations of user interactions with algorithms or physiological measures to assess trust more accurately.

Keywords: algorithms, data, AI, trust, statistical literacy, explainability

Citation: Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Marrone, R., Korolkiewicz, M., Gabriel, F., Siemens, G., Joksimovic, S., Yamada, Y., Mori, Y., Rahwan, T., Sahakyan, M., Sonna, B., Meirmanov, A., Bolatov, A., Som, B., Ndukaihe, I., Arinze, N. C., Kundrát, J., Skanderová, L., Ngo, V.-G., . . . Tejada, J. (2025). Factors influencing trust in algorithmic decision-making: An indirect scenario-based experiment. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 7, 1465605. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1465605

FYI 2025

If the soul is impartial in receiving information, it devotes to that information the share of critical investigation the information deserves, and its truth or untruth thus becomes clear. However, if the soul is infected with partisanship for a particular opinion or sect, it accepts without a moment’s hesitation the information that is agreeable to it. Prejudice and partisanship obscure the critical faculty and preclude critical investigation. The result is that falsehoods are accepted and transmitted.

Ibn Khaldūn (1377) Muqaddimah

We wish to pursue the truth no matter where it leads — but to find the truth we need imagination and skepticism both. We will not be afraid to speculate — but we will be careful to distinguish speculation from fact. The Cosmos is full beyond measure of elegant truths, of exquisite interrelationships, of the awesome machinery of nature. The surface of the Earth is the shore of the cosmic ocean. On this shore we've learned most of what we know. Recently we've waded a little way out, maybe ankle deep, and the water seems inviting. Some part of our being knows this is where we came from. We long to return. And we can. Because the cosmos is also within us. We're made of star-stuff. We are a way for the cosmos to know itself.

Carl Edward Sagan (1990) Cosmos: A Personal Voyage

Bacteriophages: Viruses that infect bacteria © 2025 McMaster University

PSP Partner Preference

A Worldwide Test of the Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preference Matching

Paul W. Eastwick, Jehan Sparks, Eli J. Finkel, Eva M. Meza, Matúš Adamkovič, Peter Adu, Ting Ai, Aderonke A. Akintola, Laith Al-Shawaf, Denisa Apriliawati, Patrícia Arriaga, Benjamin Aubert-Teillaud, Gabriel Baník, Krystian Barzykowski, Carlota Batres, Katherine J. Baucom, Elizabeth Z. Beaulieu, Maciej Behnke, Natalie Butcher, Deborah Y. Charles, Jane Minyan Chen, Jeong Eun Cheon, Phakkanun Chittham, Patrycja Chwiłkowska, Chin Wen Cong, Lee T. Copping, Nadia S. Corral-Frias, Vera Ćubela Adorić, Mikaela Dizon, Hongfei Du, Michael I. Ehinmowo, Daniela A. Escribano, Natalia M. Espinosa, Francisca Expósito, Gilad Feldman, Raquel Freitag, Martha Frias Armenta, Albina Gallyamova, Omri Gillath, Biljana Gjoneska, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Franca Grafe, Dmitry Grigoryev, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Gul Gunaydin, Ruby Ilustrisimo, Emily Impett, Pavol Kačmár, Young-Hoon Kim, Mirosław Kocur, Marta Kowal, Maatangi Krishna, Paul Danielle Labor, Jackson G. Lu, Marc Y. Lucas, Wojciech P. Małecki, Klara Malinakova, Sofia Meißner, Zdeněk Meier, Michal Misiak, Amy Muise, Lukas Novak, Jiaqing O, Asil A. Özdoğru, Haeyoung Gideon Park, Mariola Paruzel, Zoran Pavlović, Marcell Püski, Gianni Ribeiro, S. Craig Roberts, Jan P. Röer, Ivan Ropovik, Robert M. Ross, Ezgi Sakman, Cristina E. Salvador, Emre Selcuk, Shayna Skakoon-Sparling, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Ognen Spasovski, Sarah C. E. Stanton, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Viren Swami, Barnabas Szaszi, Kaito Takashima, Peter Tavel, Julian Tejada, Eric Tu, Jarno Tuominen, David Vaidis, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Laura Villanueva-Moya, Dian Wisnuwardhani, Yuki Yamada, Fumiya Yonemitsu, Radka Žídková, Kristýna Živná, and Nicholas A. Coles

Ideal partner preferences (i.e., ratings of the desirability of attributes like attractiveness or intelligence) are the source of numerous foundational findings in the interdisciplinary literature on human mating. Recently, research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching (i.e., Do people positively evaluate partners who match vs. mismatch their ideals?) has become mired in several problems. First, articles exhibit discrepant analytic and reporting practices. Second, different findings emerge across laboratories worldwide, perhaps because they sample different relationship contexts and/or populations. This registered report—partnered with the Psychological Science Accelerator—uses a highly powered design (N = 10,358) across 43 countries and 22 languages to estimate preference-matching effect sizes. The most rigorous tests revealed significant preference-matching effects in the whole sample and for partnered and single participants separately. The “corrected pattern metric” that collapses across 35 traits revealed a zero-order effect of β = .19 and an effect of β = .11 when included alongside a normative preference-matching metric. Specific traits in the “level metric” (interaction) tests revealed very small (average β = .04) effects. Effect sizes were similar for partnered participants who reported ideals before entering a relationship, and there was no consistent evidence that individual differences moderated any effects. Comparisons between stated and revealed preferences shed light on gender differences and similarities: For attractiveness, men’s and (especially) women’s stated preferences underestimated revealed preferences (i.e., they thought attractiveness was less important than it actually was). For earning potential, men’s stated preferences underestimated—and women’s stated preferences overestimated—revealed preferences. Implications for the literature on human mating are discussed.

Keywords: attraction, close relationships, human mating, ideals, matching hypothesis

Citation: Eastwick, P. W., Sparks, J., Finkel, E. J., Meza, E. M., Adamkovič, M., Adu, P., Ai, T., Akintola, A. A., Al-Shawaf, L., Apriliawati, D., Arriaga, P., Aubert-Teillaud, B., Baník, G., Barzykowski, K., Batres, C., Baucom, K. J., Beaulieu, E. Z., Behnke, M., Butcher, N., . . . Coles, N. A. (2024). A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 128(1), 123–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000524

AMPPS RRR

Registered Replication Report: A Large Multilab Cross-Cultural Conceptual Replication of Turri et al. (2015)

Braeden Hall, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan Wagge, Savannah C. Lewis, Sophia C. Weissgerber, Felix Kiunke, Gerit Pfuhl, Stefan Stieger, Ulrich S. Tran, Krystian Barzykowski, Natalia Bogatyreva, Marta Kowal, KarlIJn Massar, Felizitas Pernerstofer, Piotr Sorokowski, Martin Voracek, Christopher R. Chartier, Mark J. Brandt, Jon E. Grahe, Asil A. Özdoğru, Michael R. Andreychik, Sau-Chin Chen, Thomas R. Evans, Caro Hautekiet, Hans IJzerman, Pavol Kačmár, Anthony J. Krafnick, Erica D. Musser, Evie Vergauwe, Kaitlyn M. Werner, Balazs Aczel, Patrícia Arriaga, Carlota Batres, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Florian Cova, Simona Ďurbisová, Leslie D. Cramblet Alvarez, Gilad Feldman, Hendrik Godbersen, Jaroslav Gottfried, Gerald J. Haeffel, Andree Hartanto, Chris Isloi, Joseph P. McFall, Marina Milyavskaya, David Moreau, Ester Nosáľová, Kostas Papaioannou, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Jana Schrötter, Daniel Storage, Kevin Vezirian, Leonhard Volz, Yanna J. Weisberg, Qinyu Xiao, Dana Awlia, Hannah W. Branit, Megan R. Dunn, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Ricky Haneda, Julita Kielinska, Caroline Kolle, Paweł Lubomski, Alexys M. Miller, Martin J. Mækelæ, Mytro Pantazi, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Robert M. Ross, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Christopher L. Aberson, Xanthippi Alexi Vassiliou, Bradley J. Baker, Miklos Bognar, Chin Wen Cong, Alex F. Danvers, William E. Davis, Vilius Dranseika, Andrei Dumbravă, Harry Farmer, Andy P. Field, Patrick S. Forscher, Aurélien Graton, Nandor Hajdu, Peter A. Howlett, Radosław Kabut, Emmett M. Larsen, Sean T. H. Lee, Nicole Legate, Carmel A. Levitan, Neil Levy, Jackson G. Lu, Michał Misiak, Roxana E. Morariu, Jennifer Novak, Ekaterina Pronizius, Irina Prusova, Athulya S. Rathnayake, Marina O. Romanova, Jan P. Röer, Waldir M. Sampaio, Christoph Schild, Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Ian D. Stephen, Peter Szecsi, Elizabeth Takacs, Julia N. Teeter, Elian H. Thiele-Evans, Julia Valeiro-Paterlini, Iris Vilares, Louise Villafana, Ke Wang, Raymond Wu, Sara Álvarez-Solas, Hannah Moshontz, and Erin M. Buchanan

According to the justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge, people can truly know something only if they have a belief that is both justified and true (i.e., knowledge is JTB). This account was challenged by Gettier, who argued that JTB does not explain knowledge attributions in certain situations, later called “Gettier-type cases,” wherein protagonists are justified in believing something to be true, but their belief was correct only because of luck. Laypeople may not attribute knowledge to protagonists with justified but only luckily true beliefs. Although some research has found evidence for these so-called Gettier intuitions, Turri et al. found no evidence that participants attributed knowledge in a counterfeit-object Gettier-type case differently than in a matched case of JTB. In a large-scale, cross-cultural conceptual replication of Turri and colleagues’ Experiment 1 (N = 4,724) using a within-participants design and three vignettes across 19 geopolitical regions, we did find evidence for Gettier intuitions; participants were 1.86 times more likely to attribute knowledge to protagonists in standard cases of JTB than to protagonists in Gettier-type cases. These results suggest that Gettier intuitions may be detectable across different scenarios and cultural contexts. However, the size of the Gettier intuition effect did vary by vignette, and the Turri et al. vignette produced the smallest effect, which was similar in size to that observed in the original study. Differences across vignettes suggest that epistemic intuitions may also depend on contextual factors unrelated to the criteria of knowledge, such as the characteristics of the protagonist being evaluated.

Keywords: folk epistemology, beliefs, social cognition, epistemic intuitions, justified true belief, multilevel modeling, multilab, replication

Citation: Hall, B., Schmidt, K., Wagge, J., Lewis, S. C., Weissgerber, S. C., Kiunke, F., Pfuhl, G., Stieger, S., Tran, U. S., Barzykowski, K., Bogatyreva, N., Kowal, M., Massar, K., Pernerstofer, F., Sorokowski, P., Voracek, M., Chartier, C. R., Brandt, M. J., Grahe, J. E., . . . Buchanan, E. M. (2024). Registered replication report: A large multilab cross-cultural conceptual replication of Turri et al. (2015). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 7(4), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459241267902