AMPPS Construal-Level Theory

Effects of Psychological Distance on Mental Abstraction: A Registered Report of Four Tests of Construal-Level Theory

Sofia Calderon, Erik Mac Giolla, Karl Ask, Susanne Jana Adler, Jens Agerström, Burcu Akpınar, Nihan Albayrak, Francesca Romana Alparone, Shahrazad Amin, Antonio Aquino, Melissa Bachet, Baisile Baisile, Karin M. Bausenhart, Magali Beylat, Olga Bialobrzeska, Eliana C. Bloomfield, Lea Boecker, Matteo Bonora, Shannon T. Brady, Jared G. Branch, Nicole E. Brandy, Kelley T. Bui, Mariela Bustos-Ortega, Amparo Caballero, Andi Cai, Katarzyna Cantarero, Stephanie A. Cárdenas, Pilar Carrera, Jung-Tzu Chang, Hsuan-Fu Chao, Andrew G. Christy, Jennifer A. Cook, Junhua Dang, Scott Danielson, William E. Davis, Cara de Boer, Elise de Groot, Jaye L. Derrick, Sarah Dittmar, Tim Döring, Céline Douilliez, Martin Egger, Yannik A. Escher, Thomas Rhys Evans, Sofia Fabiani, Gilad Feldman, Nicole Fernandez, Julia Fischer, Magdalena Formanowicz, Malte Friese, Paul T. Fuglestad, Aurore Gaboriaud, Jessica Gale, Richard Gamrát, Oliver Genschow, Omid Ghasemi, Mauro Giacomantonio, Karolin Gieseler, Hedy Greijdanus, Siobhán Mary Griffin, Doğa Gül, Gul Gunaydin, Simona Haasova, Georgios Halkias, Christopher E. Hawk, Anna Helfers, Cindy L. Hernandez, Yanine D. Hess, Petr J. Horgos, Yehor Hrymchak, Markus Huff, Ezgi Ildırım, Biljana Jokic´, Yoann Julliard, Pavol Kacˇmár, Barbara Kaup, Hyunji Kim, Kyungmi Kim, Alan Kingstone, Kenan Koç, Lina Koppel, Anita Körner, Bibiána Kovácˇová Holevová, Paul Danielle Labor, Bronwyn D. Laforet, Fanny Lalot, Leonie Lamm, Sean M. Laurent, Sean T. H. Lee, Yi-Chen Lee, Edward P. Lemay, Jr., Zhicheng Lin, Yun-Kai Lin, Jia-Xin Long, David D. Loschelder, Katerina Makri, Harry Manley, Nicolò Maugeri, Randy J. McCarthy, Cillian McHugh, Katarzyna Miazek, Marina Milyavskaya, Coby Morvinski, Michaela Muchová, Sümeyye Muftareviç, Dominique Muller, Gideon Nave, Ben R. Newell, Cécile Nurra, Marc Ouellet, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Mia Pagnani, Daniele Paolini, Frank Papenmeier, Hannes M. Petrowsky, Stefan Pfattheicher, Jean C. Picado, Ryan M. Pickering, Danka Puric´, Alain Quiamzade, Jonathan E. Ramsay, Tristan Nicholas Renaud, Mónica Romero-Sánchez, Robert M. Ross, Ángel Sánchez-Rodríguez, Julio Santiago, Marko Sarstedt, Luke Scally, Michele Scandola, Judith P. M. Schachtner, Simon Schindler, Andreas Segerberg, Emre Selcuk, Verónica Sevillano, Edith Shalev, Xiaoyi Shao, Steven D. Shaw, Keyi Shi, Birte Siem, Pablo Solana, Meikel Soliman, Gaye Solmazer, Fatih Sonmez, Samantha K. Stanley, Janina Steinmetz, Adam W. Stivers, Aleksandra Szymkow, Maude Tagand, Yan Zhen Tan, Hilal Terzi, Miaomiao Tian, Gustav Tinghög, Ulrich S. Tran, David F. Urschler, Daniel R. VanHorn, Daniel Västfjäll, Bruno Verschuere, Amelie Verschueren, Anna Laura Vlad, Martin Voracek, Xiaotian Wang, Deming Wang, Lara Warmelink, Adam Kah Jjin Wee, Aaron Lee Wichman, Sera Wiechert, Karl-Andrew Woltin, Hoo Keat Wong, Jiawen Xu, Zai-Fu Yao, Siu Kit Yeung, Kumar Yogeeswaran, Iris Žeželj, Qing Zhang, Rene Ziegler, and Timothy J. Luke

Construal-level theory (CLT) proposes that psychological distance influences the level of abstraction at which something is mentally construed: Things perceived as less probable (likelihood) or further away from the here (spatial distance), now (temporal distance), or self (social distance) are thought about more abstractly. In this international multilab study, we tested four basic hypotheses derived from core assumptions of CLT and explore potential moderators and boundary conditions of the effects. Participants (N = 11,775) from 27 countries and regions were randomly assigned to one of four experimental protocols focused on different types of psychological distance (temporal, spatial, social, or likelihood), and each experiment manipulated psychological distance (close vs. distant). The protocols for temporal distance (n =2,941) and spatial distance (n = 2,973) were direct replications of Liberman and Trope (Study 1) and Fujita et al. (Study1), respectively. The remaining two protocols were paradigmatic replications, applying to social distance (n = 2,926) and likelihood (n = 2,936). The effects of psychological distance on construal level for the four present studies were as follows (positive effects are consistent with hypotheses): temporal, d = 0.08, 95% confidence interval [CI] = [0.003, 0.16] (effect in original study: d = 0.92); spatial, d = 0.04, 95% CI = [−0.03, 0.11] (effect in original study: d = 0.55); social, d = −0.27, 95% CI = [−0.34, −0.19]; and likelihood, d = 0.03, 95% CI = [−0.05, 0.11]. Pretests indicated that valence and abstraction were confounded in response options on the outcome measure. Controlling for this confound eliminated the hypothesis-inconsistent effect of social distance, d = 0.006, 95% CI = [−0.05, 0.07]. These findings provide limited evidence for the predictions of the theory and present a critical challenge for CLT.

Keywords: construal-level theory, mental abstraction, psychological distance, replication, multilab, open data, open materials, preregistration

Citation: Calderon, S., Giolla, E. M., Ask, K., Adler, S. J., Agerström, J., Akpınar, B., Albayrak, N., Alparone, F. R., Amin, S., Aquino, A., Bachet, M., Baisile, B., Bausenhart, K. M., Beylat, M., Bialobrzeska, O., Bloomfield, E. C., Boecker, L., Bonora, M., Brady, S. T., . . . Luke, T. J. (2026). Effects of psychological distance on mental abstraction: A registered report of four tests of construal-level theory. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 9(2), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251401177

UAD Erasmus

Erasmus Öğrenim Hareketliliğinin Türk Öğrencileri Üzerindeki Etkisinin Elektrofizyolojik ve Özbildirim Ölçümleriyle İncelenmesi

Bernis Sütçübaşı, Günay Sağır, Amine Nadide Ergün ve Asil Ali Özdoğru

Bu araştırmada, Erasmus programı kapsamında yurt dışında eğitim alma fırsatı bulan öğrencilerin gruplar arası önyargıları ve 21. yüzyıl becerilerindeki değişim düzeyleri incelenmiştir. Bu amaçla özbildirim ölçekleri, bireysel görüşmeler ve elektroensefalografi ölçümleri bir arada kullanılmış; bu yönüyle çalışma, literatürdeki ilk bütüncül yaklaşım olma özelliği taşımaktadır. Araştırma, İstanbul’daki bir vakıf üniversitesinde öğrenim gören benzer demografik özelliklere sahip toplam 11 öğrenciden oluşan bir örneklem üzerinde yürütülmüş; bu öğrencilerden altısı deney, beşi kontrol grubuna atanmıştır. İki aşamalı olarak tasarlanan çalışmada, öntest ve sontest uygulamaları gerçekleştirilmiştir. Gruplar arası önyargı düzeyleri Örtük Çağrışım Testi eşliğinde kaydedilen elektroensefalografi verileriyle, 21. yüzyıl becerileri ise dört farklı özbildirim ölçeği ile değerlendirilmiştir. Erasmus deneyimine ilişkin nitel veriler ise bireysel görüşmeler yoluyla toplanmıştır. Nicel bulgular, deney grubunda Erasmus deneyimi sonrasında uyumlu bloklardaki tepki sürelerinde hızlanma ve D skorlarında artış eğilimi olduğunu ortaya koymuştur. Elektrofizyolojik verilerde, N400 bileşeninin son test genliklerinin ön teste göre azaldığı ve özellikle uyumsuz blok koşullarında marjinal anlamlılık düzeyinde bir düşüş eğilimi sergilediği gözlenmiştir. Bu bulgu, katılımcıların kültürel olarak uyumsuz uyaranlara karşı bilişsel çaba gereksinimlerinin azaldığını ve sosyal bilişsel uyum düzeylerinde artış olabileceğini düşündürmektedir. Nitel veriler, Erasmus deneyiminin katılımcılar tarafından genellikle olumlu bir şekilde değerlendirildiğini göstermiştir. Katılımcı sayısının düşük olması, elde edilen bulguların genellenebilirliğini sınırlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Erasmus, gruplar arası önyargı, EEG, Örtük Çağrışım Testi, 21. yüzyıl becerileri

Atıf: Sütçübaşı, B., Sağır, G., Ergün, A. N. ve Özdoğru, A. A. (2026). Erasmus öğrenim hareketliliğinin Türk öğrencileri üzerindeki etkisinin elektrofizyolojik ve özbildirim ölçümleriyle incelenmesi. Üniversite Araştırmaları Dergisi, 9(1), 13-31. https://izlik.org/JA82WP92KW

Examination the Impact of the Learning Mobility of Erasmus on Turkish Students Through Electrophysiological and Self-Report Measures

Bernis Sütçübaşı, Günay Sağır, Amine Nadide Ergün, and Asil Ali Özdoğru

This study investigated the extent to which students who had the opportunity to study abroad through the Erasmus program experienced changes in intergroup bias and 21st-century skills. Combining self-report scales, individual interviews, and electroencephalography, this research represents the first comprehensive study in the literature employing such a multi-method approach. The study was conducted with a total of 11 students from a foundation university in Istanbul, who shared similar demographic characteristics. Six students were assigned to the experimental group and five to the control group. The study followed a two-phase pretest–posttest design. Intergroup bias was assessed using an Implicit Association Test administered during electroencephalography recordings, while four different self-report scales were used to evaluate 21st-century skills. Erasmus-related experiences were explored through semi-structured individual interviews. Quantitative findings indicated a trend toward faster reaction times in congruent blocks and increased D scores in the experimental group following the Erasmus experience. Electrophysiological data revealed a decrease in the post-test amplitudes of the N400 component compared to the pre-test, exhibiting a downward trend at a level of marginal significance, particularly in the incongruent block conditions. This finding suggests that participants required less cognitive effort to process culturally incongruent stimuli, potentially reflecting an increase in social-cognitive adaptability. Qualitative data showed that participants generally evaluated their Erasmus experience positively. However, the small sample size limits the generalizability of the findings.

Keywords: Erasmus program, intergroup bias, EEG, implicit association test, 21st-century skills

Citation: Sütçübaşı, B., Sağır, G., Ergün, A. N., & Özdoğru, A. A. (2026). Examination the impact of the learning mobility of Erasmus on Turkish students through electrophysiological and self-report measures. Journal of University Research, 9(1), 13-31. https://izlik.org/JA82WP92KW

Discover AI

University Students’ Perceptions and Adoptions of AI: A Cross-National Study

Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Rhoda Abadia, Özge Karakale, Carlos Barrera-Causil, Niko Männikkö, Babak Daneshvar Ghorbani, Artur Strzelecki, Stella Nwizu, Célia Tavares, Mauricio Castillo, Bruno Escajal, Pilar Rodriguez, Bidisha Som, Van Giang Ngo, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Kris Ariyabuddhiphongs, Santat Thongrin, and Julian Tejada

Recent advances in Artificial Intelligence (AI), especially large language models (LLMs), are rapidly transforming educational practices worldwide. Despite growing adoption, there is limited cross-national evidence on how university students perceive and engage with these technologies. This study addresses this gap by analyzing data from 1906 students across 13 countries, using a novel psychometric approach that leverages LLMs for item generation and validation. Our findings reveal that students’ trust in AI, familiarity with algorithms, and lower anxiety about AI are key predictors of positive perceptions and adoption of LLMs in learning. Notably, most students with even minimal trust in AI reported using LLMs, primarily for coding, idea generation, and writing, and perceived them as at least moderately effective. In contrast, students who did not use LLMs were unlikely to use other AI tools. These results underscore the importance of fostering trust and AI literacy to support effective integration of AI technologies in tertiary education. Practical implications include the need for targeted training programs, transparent data practices, and strategies to address student anxiety and promote responsible use. By providing cross-national insights and introducing innovative measurement tools, this study offers actionable recommendations for educators, institutions, and policymakers seeking to enhance student engagement with AI in diverse educational contexts.

Keywords: Large language models, Generative AI, Online learning, Perception of AI, Adoption of AI, Psychometrics

Citation: Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Abadia, R., Karakale, Ö., Barrera-Causil, C., Männikkö, N., Ghorbani, B. D., Strzelecki, A., Nwizu, S., Tavares, C., Castillo, M., Escajal, B., Rodriguez, P., Som, B., Ngo, V. G., Özdoğru, A. A., Ariyabuddhiphongs, K., Thongrin, S., & Tejada, J. (2026). University students’ perceptions and adoptions of AI: A cross-national study. Discover Artificial Intelligence, 6, 320. https://doi.org/10.1007/s44163-026-01042-4

Current Psychology Object Orientation

Investigating Object Orientation Effects Across 18 Languages

Sau-Chin Chen, Erin M. Buchanan, Zoltan Kekecs, Jeremy K. Miller, Anna Szabelska, Balazs Aczel, Pablo Bernabeu, Patrick Forscher, Attila Szuts, Zahir Vally, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Mai Helmy, Caio Santos Alves da Silva, Luana Oliveira da Silva, Yago Luksevicius de Moraes, Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu, Anthonieta Looman Mafra, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Barnaby Dixson, Kim Peters, Nik Steffens, Omid Ghasemi, Andrew Roberts, Robert M. Ross, Ian D. Stephen, Marina Milyavskaya, Kelly Wang, Kaitlyn M. Werner, Dawn Liu Holford, Miroslav Sirota, Thomas Rhys Evans, Dermot Lynott, Bethany M. Lane, Danny Riis Sahlholdt, Glenn P. Williams, Chrystalle B. Y. Tan, Alicia Foo, Steve M. J. Janssen, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, David Moreau, Brianna Jurosic, Brynna Leach, Savannah Lewis, Peter R. Mallik, Kathleen Schmidt, William J. Chopik, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Manyu Li, Carmel A. Levitan, Daniel Storage, Carlota Batres, Tyler McGee, Janina Enachescu, Jerome Olsen, Martin Voracek, Claus Lamm, Ekaterina Pronizius, Tilli Ripp, Jan Philipp Röer, Roxane Schnepper, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Aviv Mokady, Niv Reggev, Priyanka Chandel, Pratibha Kujur, Babita Pande, Arti Parganiha, Noorshama Parveen, Sraddha Pradhan, Margaret Messiah Singh, Max Korbmacher, Jonas R. Kunst, Christian K. Tamnes, Frederike S. Woelfert, Kristoffer Klevjer, Sarah E. Martiny, Gerit Pfuhl, Sylwia Adamus, Krystian Barzykowski, Katarzyna Filip, Patrícia Arriaga, Vasilije Gvozdenović, Vanja Ković, Fei Gao, Jingxiang Li, Jozef Bavoľár, Monika Hricová, Pavol Kačmár, Matúš Adamkovič, Peter Babinčák, Gabriel Baník, Ivan Ropovik, Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Sara Álvarez-Solas, Harry Manley, Panita Suavansri, Chun-Chia Kung, Belemir Çoktok, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Çağlar Solak, Sinem Söylemez, Sami Çoksan, İlker Dalgar, Mahmoud Elsherif, Martin Vasilev, Vinka Mlakic, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Stefan Stieger, Selina Volsa, Erica D. Musser, Janis Zickfeld, and Christopher R. Chartier

Mental simulation theories of language comprehension propose that people automatically create mental representations of objects mentioned in sentences. Mental representation is often measured with the sentence-picture verification task, wherein participants first read a sentence that implies the object property (i.e., shape and orientation). Participants then respond to an image of an object by indicating whether it was an object from the sentence or not. Previous studies have shown matching advantages for shape, but findings concerning object orientation have not been robust across languages. This registered report investigated the match advantage of object orientation across 18 languages in nearly 4,000 participants. The preregistered analysis revealed no compelling evidence for a match advantage for orientation across languages. Additionally, the match advantage was not predicted by mental rotation scores. In light of these findings, we discuss the implications for current theory and methodology surrounding mental simulation.

Keywords: Cross-lingual research, Language comprehension, Mental rotation, Mental simulation

Citation: Chen, S.-C., Buchanan, E. M., Kekecs, Z., Miller, J. K., Szabelska, A., Aczel, B., Bernabeu, P., Forscher, P., Szuts, A., Vally, Z., Al-Hoorie, A. H., Helmy, M., da Silva, C. S. A., da Silva, L. O., de Moraes, Y. L., Hsu, R. M. C. S., Mafra, A. L., Valentova, J. V., Varella, M. A. C., . . . Chartier, C. R. (2025). Investigating object orientation effects across 18 languages. Current Psychology, 44, 19148–19174. https://doi.org/10.1007/s12144-025-08304-x

NHB Priming

Measuring the Semantic Priming Effect Across Many Languages

Erin M. Buchanan, Kelly Cuccolo, Tom Heyman, Niels van Berkel, Nicholas A. Coles, Aishwarya Iyer, Kim Peters, A. E. van ’t Veer, Maria Montefinese, Nicholas P. Maxwell, Jack E. Taylor, Kathrene D. Valentine, Patrícia Arriaga, Krystian Barzykowski, Leanne Boucher, W. Matthew Collins, David C. Vaidis, Balazs Aczel, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Ettore Ambrosini, Théo Besson, Debora I. Burin, Muhammad Mussaffa Butt, A. J. Benjamin Clarke, Yalda Daryani, Dina Abdel Salam El-Dakhs, Mahmoud M. Elsherif, Maria Fernández-López, Paulo Roberto dos Santos Ferreira, Raquel Meister Ko Freitag, Carolina A. Gattei, Hendrik Godbersen, Philip A. Grim II, Peter Halama, Patrik Havan, Natalia C. Irrazabal, Chris Isloi, Rebecca Kvisler Iversen, Yoann Julliard, Aslan Karaaslan, Michal Kohút, Veronika Kohútová, Julija Kos, Alexandra I. Kosachenko, Tiago Jessé Souza de Lima, Matthew H. C. Mak, Christina Manouilidou, Leonardo A. Marciaga, Xiaolin Melinna Melinna, Jacob Francisco Miranda, Coby Morvinski, Aishwarya Muppoor, F. Elif Müjdeci, Yngwie A. Nielsen, Juan Carlos Oliveros, Jaš Onič, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Ishani Patel, Zoran Pavlović, Blaž Pažon, Gerit Pfuhl, Ekaterina Pronizius, Timo B. Roettger, Camilo R. Ronderos, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Magdalena Senderecka, Çağlar Solak, Anna Stückler, Raluca D. Szekely-Copîndean, Analí R. Taboh, Rémi Thériault, Ulrich S. Tran, Fabio Trecca, José Luis Ulloa, Marton A. Varga, Steven Verheyen, Tijana Vesić Pavlović, Giada Viviani, Nan Wang, Kristyna Zivna, Chen Chu Yun, Oliver James Clark, Oguz A. Acar, Matúš Adamkovič, Giulia Agnoletti, Atakan M. Akil, Zainab Alsuhaibani, Simona Amenta, Olga A. Ananyeva, Michael Andreychik, Bernhard Angele, Danna Catalina Arias Quiñones, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Adrian Dahl Askelund, Bradley J. Baker, Ernest Baskin, Luisa Batalha, Carlota Batres, Maria Soledad Beato, Manuel Becker, Maja Becker, Maciej Behnke, Christophe Blaison, Anna M. Borghi, Eduard Brandstätter, Jacek Buczny, Nesrin Budak, Álvaro Cabana, Zhenguang G. Cai, Enrique C. Canessa, Müge Cavdan, Luca Cecchetti, Sergio E. Chaigneau, Feria X. W. Chang, Christopher R. Chartier, Sau-Chin Chen, Elena Cherniaeva, Morten H. Christiansen, Hu Chuan-Peng, Patrycja Chwiłkowska, Montserrat Comesaña, Chin Wen Cong, Casey Cowan, Stéphane Daniel Dandeneau, Oana A. David, William E. Davis, Elif Gizem Demirag Burak, Barnaby James Wyld Dixson, Hongfei Du, Rod Duclos, Wouter Duyck, Liudmila A. Efimova, Ciara Egan, Vanessa Era, Thomas R. Evans, Anna Exner, Gilad Feldman, Katharina Fellnhofer, Chiara Fini, Sarah E. Fisher, Heather D. Flowe, Patricia Garrido-Vásquez, Daniele Gatti, Jason Geller, Vaitsa Giannouli, Anna Sergeevna Gorokhova, Lindsay M. Griener, Dmitry Grigoryev, Igor Grossmann, Hesam Ghasemi, Giacomo Handjaras, Cathy Hauspie, Zhiran He, Renata M. Heilman, Amirmahdi Heydari, Alanna M. Hine, Karlijn Hoyer, Weronika Hryniszak, Janet Hui-wen Hsiao, Guanxiong Huang, Keiko Ihaya, Ewa Ilczuk, Tatsunori Ishii, Andrei Dumbravă, Katarzyna Jankowiak, Xiaoming Jiang, David C. Johnson, Rafał Jończyk, Juhani Järvikivi, Laura Kaczer, Kevin Leander Kamermans, Johannes A. Karl, Alexander Karner, Pavol Kačmár, Jacob J. Keech, M. Justin Kim, Max Korbmacher, Kathrin Kostorz, Marta Kowal, Tomas Kratochvil, Yoshihiko Kunisato, Anna O. Kuzminska, Lívia Körtvélyessy, Fatma Ebru Köse, Massimo Köster, Magdalena Kękuś, Melanie Labusch, Claus Lamm, Chaak Ming Lau, Julieta Laurino, Wilbert Law, Giada Lettieri, Carmel A. Levitan, Jackson G. Lu, Sarah E. MacPherson, Klara Malinakova, Diego Manriquez-Robles, Nicolás Marchant, Marco Marelli, Martín Martínez, Molly F. Matthews, Alan D. A. Mattiassi, Josefina Mattoli-Sánchez, Claudia Mazzuca, David P. McGovern, Zdenek Meier, Filip Melinscak, Michal Misiak, Luis Carlos Pereira Monteiro, David Moreau, Sebastian Moreno, Kate E. Mulgrew, Dominique Muller, Tamás Nagy, Marcin Naranowicz, Izuchukwu L. G. Ndukaihe, Maital Neta, Lukas Novak, Chisom Esther Ogbonnaya, Jessica Jee Won Paek, Aspasia Eleni Paltoglou, Francisco J. Parada, Adam J. Parker, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Yuri G. Pavlov, Saeed Paydarfard, Dominik Pegler, Mehmet Peker, Manuel Perea, Stefan Pfattheicher, John Protzko, Irina Sergeevna Prusova, Katarzyna Pypno-Blajda, Zhuang Qiu, Ulf-Dietrich Reips, Gianni Ribeiro, Luca Rinaldi, S. Craig Roberts, Tanja C. Roembke, Marina O. Romanova, Robert M. Ross, Jan Philipp Röer, Filiz Rızaoğlu, Toni T. Saari, Erika Sampaolo, Anabela Caetano Santos, F. Çağlar Sarıçiçek, Kyoshiro Sasaki, Frank Scharnowski, Kathleen Schmidt, Amir Sepehri, Halid O. Serçe, A. Timur Sevincer, Cynthia S. Q. Siew, Matilde Ellen Simonetti, Miroslav Sirota, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Ian D. Stephen, Laura M. Stevens, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, David Steyrl, Stefan Stieger, Anna Studzinska, Mar Suarez, Anna Szala, Arnaud Szmalec, Daniel Sznycer, Ewa Szumowska, Sinem Söylemez, Bahadır Söylemez, Kaito Takashima, Christian K. Tamnes, Joel C. R. Tan, Chengxiang Tang, Peter Tavel, Julian Tejada, Benjamin C. Thompson, Jake G. Tiernan, Vicente Torres-Muñoz, Anna K. Touloumakos, Bastien Trémolière, Monika Tschense, Belgüzar Nilay Türkan, Miguel A. Vadillo, Caterina Vannucci, Michael E. W. Varnum, Martin R. Vasilev, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Fanny Verkampt, Liliana M. Villar, Sebastian Wallot, Lijun Wang, Ke Wang, Glenn Patrick Williams, David Willinger, Kelly Wolfe, Alexandra S. Wormley, Yuki Yamada, Yunkai Yang, Yuwei Zhou, Mengfan Zhang, Wang Zheng, Yueyuan Zheng, Chenghao Zhou, Radka Zidkova, Nina Meret Zumbrunn, Ogeday Çoker, Sami Çoksan, Sezin Öner, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Seda Merve Şahin, Dauren Kasanov, Alexios Arvanitis, Cameron Brick, Melissa F. Colloff, Albina Gallyamova, Christopher Koch, Ivan Ropovik, Yucheng Zhang, Xingxing Zhou, Sneh Patel, Jordan W. Suchow, and Savannah C. Lewis

Semantic priming has been studied for nearly 50 years across various experimental manipulations and theoretical frameworks. Although previous studies provide insight into the cognitive underpinnings of semantic representations, they have suffered from small sample sizes and a lack of linguistic and cultural diversity. In this Registered Report, we measured the size and the variability of the semantic priming effect across 19 languages (n = 25,163 participants analysed) by creating the largest available database of semantic priming values using an adaptive sampling procedure. We found evidence for semantic priming in terms of differences in response latencies between related word-pair conditions and unrelated word-pair conditions. Model comparisons showed that the inclusion of a random intercept for language improved model fit, providing support for variability in semantic priming across languages. This study highlights the robustness and variability of semantic priming across languages and provides a rich, linguistically diverse dataset for further analysis. The Stage 1 protocol for this Registered Report was accepted in principle on 15 July 2022. The protocol, as accepted by the journal, can be found at https://osf.io/u5bp6 (registration) or https://osf.io/q4fjy (preprint version 6, 31 May 2022).

Subjects: Human behaviour, Language and linguistics

Citation: Buchanan, E. M., Cuccolo, K., Heyman, T., van Berkel, N., Coles, N. A., Iyer, A., Peters, K., van 't Veer, A. E., Montefinese, M., Maxwell, N. P., Taylor, J. E., Valentine, K. D., Arriaga, P., Barzykowski, K., Boucher, L., Collins, W. M., Vaidis, D. C., Aczel, B., Al-Hoorie, A. H., . . . Lewis, S. C. (2025). Measuring the semantic priming effect across many languages. Nature Human Behavior. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41562-025-02254-x

AMPPS Open Science

Open Science in the Developing World: A Collection of Practical Guides for Researchers in Developing Countries

Hu Chuan-Peng, Zhiqi Xu, Aleksandra Lazić, Piyali Bhattacharya, Leonardo Seda, Samiul Hossain, Alma Jeftić, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Olavo B. Amaral, Nadica Miljković, Zlatomira G. Ilchovska, Ljiljana B. Lazarevic, Han Wu Shuang Bao, Nikita Ghodke, David Moreau, Mahmoud Elsherif, Chinchu C., Sakshi Ghai, Clarissa F. D. Carneiro, Danka Purić, Yin Wang, Mirela Zaneva, Felipe Vilanova, Iris Žeželj, Obrad Vučkovac, Saida Heshmati, Pooja Kulkarni, Nadia Saraí Corral-Frías, Juan Diego García-Castro, Shubham Pandey, Jamal Amani Rad, Thipparapu Rajesh, Bita Vahdani, Saad Almajed, Amna Ben Amara, Leher Singh, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Marcelo Camargo Batistuzzo, Daniel Fatori, Frankie T. K. Fong, Zahra Khorami, Joseph Almazan, Biljana Gjoneska, Meng Liu, and Flavio Azevedo

Over the past decade, the open-science movement has transformed the research landscape, although its impact has largely been confined to developed countries. Recently, researchers from developing countries have called for a redesign of open science to better align with their unique contexts. However, raising awareness alone is insufficient—practical actions are required to drive meaningful and inclusive change. In this work, we analyze the opportunities offered by the open-science movement and explore the macro- and micro-level barriers researchers in developing countries face when engaging with these practices. Drawing on these insights and aiming to inspire researchers in developing regions or other resource-constrained contexts to embrace open-science practices, we offer a four-level guide for gradual engagement: (a) foundation, using open resources to build a solid foundation for rigorous research; (b) growth, adopting low-cost, easily implementable practices; (c) community, contributing to open-science communities through actionable steps; and (d) leadership, taking on leadership roles or forming local communities to foster cultural change. We further discuss potential pitfalls of the current open-science practices and call for readaptation of these practices in developing countries’ settings. We conclude by outlining concrete recommendations for future action.

Keywords: open science, developing countries, barriers, inequality, knowledge generation, open materials

Citation: Chuan-Peng, H., Xu, Z., Lazić. A., Bhattacharya, P., Seda, L., Hossain, S., Jeftić, A., Özdoğru, A. A., Amaral, O. B., Miljković, N., Ilchovska, Z. G., Lazarevic, L. B., Bao, H. W. S., Ghodke, N., Moreau, D., Elsherif, M., Chinchu, C., Ghai, S., Carneiro, C. F. D., . . . Azevedo, F. (2025). Open science in the developing world: A collection of practical guides for researchers in developing countries. Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 8(3), 1-26. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251357565

KTPP Yerleşik Yetişkinlik

İnsan Gelişiminde Yeni Bir Kavram: Yerleşik Yetişkinlik

Asil Ali Özdoğru

Psikoloji ve psikiyatri bilim ve pratiğinde gelişimsel yaklaşım temel bir bakış açısı teşkil etmektedir. Birey ve toplum ruh sağlığı araştırma ve uygulamalarında gelişimsel yaklaşım oldukça önemli ve işlevseldir. Yaşam boyu gelişim yaklaşımına göre insan gelişimi sadece erken dönem deneyimleri tarafından değil yetişkinlik dönemindeki deneyim ve yaşam olayları tarafından da şekillenmektedir. Son yüzyılda dünyada yaşanan sosyal ve toplumsal değişimler yetişkin gelişimine ilişkin yeni kavram ve kuramların ortaya çıkmasına yol açmıştır. Yetişkin gelişimi alanında geliştirilen yerleşik yetişkinlik kavramı otuz ila kırklı yaşlardaki yetişkinlerde görülen genel deneyim ve zorluklara güncel bir bakış açısı sağlamaktadır.

Anahtar Kelimeler: Gelişim psikolojisi, İnsan gelişimi, Orta yaşlı

Atıf: Özdoğru, A. A. (2025). İnsan gelişiminde yeni bir kavram: Yerleşik yetişkinlik [Editöre mektup]. Kıbrıs Türk Psikiyatri ve Psikoloji Dergisi, 7(2), 212-213. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.25.2.12

A New Concept in Human Development: Established Adulthood

Asil Ali Özdoğru

The developmental approach constitutes a fundemental perspective in the science and practice of psychology and psychiatry. The developmental approach is of considerable importance and utility for research and applications in individual and community mental health. According to the lifespan developmental approach, human development is shaped not only by early life experiences but also by experiences and life events in adulthood. Social and societal changes in the world in the last century have led to the emergence of new concepts and theories about adult development. The concept of established adulthood, developed in the field of adult development, provides an up-to-date perspective on the general experiences and difficulties experienced by adults in their thirties and forties.

Keywords: Developmental psychology, Human development, Middle aged

Citation: Özdoğru, A. A. (2025). A new concept in human development: Established adulthood [Letter to the editor]. Cyprus Turkish Journal of Psychiatry and Psychology, 7(2), 212-213. https://doi.org/10.35365/ctjpp.25.2.12

PLOS One Man

Multi-Region Investigation of ‘Man’ as Default in Attitudes

Curtis Edward Phills, Jeremy K. Miller, Erin M. Buchanan, Amanda Williams, Chanel Meyers, Elizabeth R. Brown, Janis Zickfeld, Selina Volsa, Stefan Stieger, Elisabeth Oberzaucher, Vinka Mlakic, Martin Vasilev, İlker Dalgar, Sami Çoksan, Sinem Söylemez, Çağlar Solak, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Belemir Çoktok, Chun-Chia Kung, Panita Suavansri, Harry Manley, Sara Álvarez-Solas,Danilo Zambrano Ricaurte, Ivan Ropovik, Gabriel Baník, Peter Babinčák, Matúš Adamkovič, Pavol Kačmár, Monika Hricová, Jozef Bavoľár, Lisa Li, Fei Gao, Zhong Chen, Vanja Ković, Vasilije Gvozdenović, Patrícia Arriaga, Katarzyna Filip, Krystian Barzykowski, Sylwia Adamus, Gerit Pfuhl, Sarah E. Martiny, Kristoffer Klevjer, Frederike S. Woelfert, Christian K. Tamnes, Jonas R. Kunst, Max Korbmacher, Margaret Messiah Singh, Sraddha Pradhan, Noorshama Parveen, Arti Parganiha, Babita Pande, Pratibha Kujur, Priyanka Chandel, Niv Reggev, Aviv Mokady, Marietta Papadatou-Pastou, Roxane Schnepper, Jan Philipp Röer, Tilli Ripp, Ekaterina Pronizius, Claus Lamm, Martin Voracek, Jerome Olsen, Janina Enachescu, Carlota Batres, Daniel Storage, Carmel A. Levitan, Manyu Li, Leigh Ann Vaughn, William J. Chopik, Kathleen Schmidt, Peter R. Mallik, Savannah Lewis, Brynna Leach, Brianna Jurosic, David Moreau, Izuchukwu Lawrence Gabriel Ndukaihe, Nwadiogo Chisom Arinze, Steve M. J. Janssen, Alicia Foo, Chrystalle B. Y. Tan, Glenn P. Williams, Danny Riis, Bethany M. Lane, Dermot Lynott, Thomas Rhys Evans, Miroslav Sirota, Dawn L. Holford, Kaitlyn M. Werner, Kelly Wang, Marina Milyavskaya, Ian D. Stephen, Robert M. Ross, Andrew Roberts, Omid Ghasemi, Niklas K. Steffens, Kim Peters, Barnaby Dixson, Marco Antonio Correa Varella, Jaroslava V. Valentova, Anthonieta Looman Mafra, Rafael Ming Chi Santos Hsu, Yago Luksevicius de Moraes, Luana Oliveira da Silva, Caio Santos Alves da Silva, Mai Helmy, Mariah Balderrama, Ali H. Al-Hoorie, Tyler McGee, Zahir Vally, Attila Szuts, Patrick Forscher, Pablo Bernabeu, Balazs Aczel, Anna Szabelska, Sau-Chin Chen, Christopher R. Chartier, Zoltan Kekecs

Previous research has studied the extent to which men are the default members of social groups in terms of memory, categorization, and stereotyping, but not attitudes which is critical because of attitudes’ relationship to behavior. Results from our survey (N > 5000) collected via a globally distributed laboratory network in over 40 regions demonstrated that attitudes toward Black people and politicians had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward the men rather than the women of the group. However, attitudes toward White people had a stronger relationship with attitudes toward White women than White men, whereas attitudes toward East Asian people, police officers, and criminals did not have a stronger relationship with attitudes toward either the men or women of each respective group. Regional agreement with traditional gender roles was explored as a potential moderator. These findings have implications for understanding the unique forms of prejudice women face around the world.

Citation: Phills, C. E, Miller, J. K., Buchanan, E. M., Williams, A., Meyers, C., Brown, E. R., Zickfeld, J., Volsa, S., Stieger, S., Oberzaucher, E., Mlakic, V., Vasilev, M., Dalgar, İ., Çoksan, S., Söylemez, S., Solak, Ç., Özdoğru, A. A., Çoktok, B., Kung, C.-C., . . . Kekecs, Z. (2025). Multi-region investigation of ‘man’ as default in attitudes. PLoS One, 20(6), e0323938. https://doi.org/10.1371/journal.pone.0323938

EIT Social Presence

Examining the Role of Social Connectedness and Sense of Humor on Social Presence in Online Learning Environments

Asil Ali Özdoğru, Ekmel Geçer, and Hakkı Bağcı

Social connectedness is the feeling of belonging to a network or engaging in social interactions and it pertains to the sense of community and interpersonal bonds that students establish in face-to-face or online learning environments. Social presence is one of the crucial components of online learning that describes how much users feel like they are interacting with actual people instead of just using digital interfaces. Sense of humor is a personal disposition that allows students to appreciate, produce, and use humor in social interactions and learning. This study aimed to investigate the role of social connectedness and sense of humor in social presence in online learning environments. Using a quantitative cross-sectional survey research model, students enrolled in Turkish higher education institutions who were recruited through convenience sampling were included in the study. Participants consisted of a total of 516 students between the ages of 18 and 52 with a mean age of 23.12 (SD = 5.30). Participants responded to an online survey consisting of demographic questions, Social Presence Scale (SPS), Sense of Humor Questionnaire 6 Revised (SHQ-6-R), and Social Connectedness Scale (SCS). Analyses showed that SPS was positively correlated with SHQ-6-R and SCS and they accounted for %9 of change in SPS along with some of the participant characteristics. Findings indicate that social connectedness and sense of humor are important in students’ feeling of social presence in online learning environments and social psychological characteristics of students need to be considered in the design of instructional experiences in online learning environments.

Keywords: Online learning, Social presence, Social connectedness, Sense of humor

Citation: Özdoğru, A. A., Geçer, E., & Bağcı, H. (2025). Examining the role of social connectedness and sense of humor on social presence in online learning environments. Education and Information Technologies, 30, 22803–22821. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10639-025-13666-7

AMPPS RRR

Registered Replication Report: Study 3 From Trafimow and Hughes (2012)

Sean C. Rife, Quinn Lambert, Robert Calin-Jageman, Matúš Adamkovič, Gabriel Banik, Itxaso Barberia, Jennifer Beaudry, Hanna Bernauer, Dustin Calvillo, William J. Chopik, Louise David, Ismay de Beijer, Thomas Rhys Evans, Andree Hartanto, Pavol Kačmár, Nicole Legate, Marcel Martončik, Karlijn Massar, Simon McCabe, David Moreau, Şevval Osmanoğlu, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Miriam Panning, Maximilian Primbs, John Protzko, Javier Rodríguez-Ferreiro, Jan P. Röer, Ivan Ropovik, Simon Schindler, Willem Sleegers, Gill ten Hoor, Ulrich S. Tran, Hein van Schie, Martin Voracek, and Brady Wiggins

Terror-management theory (TMT) proposes that when people are made aware of their own death, they are more likely to endorse cultural values. TMT is a staple of social psychology, featured prominently in textbooks and the subject of much research. The implications associated with TMT are significant because its advocates claim it can partially explain cultural conflicts, intergroup antagonisms, and even war. However, considerable ambiguity regarding effect size exists, and no preregistered replication of death-thought-accessibility findings exists. Moreover, there is debate regarding the role of time delay between the manipulation of mortality salience and assessment of key measures. We present results from 22 labs in 11 countries (total N = 3,447) attempting to replicate and extend an existing study of TMT, Study 3 from Trafimow and Hughes, and the role of time-delay effects. We successfully replicate Trafimow and Hughes and demonstrate that it is possible to prime death-related thoughts and that priming is more effective when there is no delay between the priming and outcome measure. Implications for future research and TMT are discussed.

Keywords: terror-management theory, replication, preregistration, death-thought accessibility, open data, open materials, preregistered

Citation: Rife, S. C., Lambert, Q., Calin-Jageman, R., Adamkovič, M., Banik, G., Barberia, I., Beaudry, J., Bernauer, H., Calvillo, D., Chopik, W. J.,  David, L., de Beijer, I., Evans, T. R., Hartanto, A., Kačmár, P., Legate, N., Martončik, M., Massar, K., McCabe, S., . . . Wiggins, B. (2025). Registered replication report: Study 3 from Trafimow and Hughes (2012). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 8(2), 1-20. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459251328334

Mülteci Çocuklar

Mülteci Çocukların İyi Oluşlarına Yönelik Psikososyal Müdahale Programları

Hanife Büşra Feyizoğlu Doğrusadık ve Asil Ali Özdoğru

Dünya genelinde savaş, afet ve diğer zorunlu sebeplerle yaşanan göçlerden etkilenen grupların başında çocuklar gelmektedir. Göçmen çocukların güvenlik, barınma, sağlık ve eğitim haklarının korunması ile çocuklara ve ailelerine gerekli hizmetlerin sunulması konusunda hem ev sahibi ülkelere hem de uluslararası kuruluşlara önemli görevler düşmektedir. Mültecilere yönelik uygulanan psikososyal destek programlarının mülteci çocuklar ile ailelerinin ruh sağlığı ve iyi oluşlarına olumlu etkileri olabilmektedir. Türkiye, son yıllarda yaşanan yoğun göç hareketleri neticesinde dünyanın en fazla mülteci nüfusuna sahip ülkelerinden biri haline gelmiştir. Bu bölümde, göçün mülteci çocuklar üzerindeki psikolojik ve sosyal etkileri özetlenmektedir. Ayrıca mülteci çocuklara yönelik uygulanan müdahale programlarına ilişkin öne çıkan hususlarla beraber dünyadan ve Türkiye’den örnek programlara yer verilmektedir. Göçün olumsuz etkilerini azaltmak, bireysel ve toplumsal iyi oluşa katkı sunmak için bilimsel kaynaklara dayanan psikososyal destek programlarının nicelik ve niteliklerinin artırılması büyük önem taşımaktadır.

Atıf: Feyizoğlu Doğrusadık, H. B. ve Özdogru, A. A. (2025). Mülteci çocukların iyi oluşlarına yönelik psikososyal müdahale programları. İ. S. Ersoy, M. F. Aysan ve E. Kurğan (Ed.), Küresel göç ve Türkiye içinde (ss. 117-143). Marmara Üniversitesi Yayınevi. http://dx.doi.org/10.29228/MUBooks.4

Kadının Gelişimi

Kadının Yaşam Boyu Gelişimi

Asil Ali Özdoğru ve Eda Şen

İnsan gelişimi döllenmeden ölüme kadar süren yaşam boyu bir süreçte gerçekleşir. Bu süreçte insanın biyolojik ve psikolojik gelişimi, farklı gelişim alanlarındaki kazanç, durağanlık ve kaybı içerir. İnsanın fiziksel, bilişsel ve sosyoduygusal gelişim alanlarında farklı gelişim dönemlerinde çeşitli değişim ve dönüşümler ortaya çıkmaktadır. Doğum öncesi, bebeklik, çocukluk, ergenlik ve yetişkinlik dönemlerinin gelişimsel özellik ve örüntüleri farklılıklar arz etmektedir. İnsan gelişiminin iyi bir şekilde anlaşılabilmesi için bu farklı dönem ve alanların yakından incelenmesi gerekir. ...

Atıf: Özdogru, A. A. ve Şen, E. (2025). Kadının yaşam boyu gelişimi. M. Bilici (Ed.), Kadın psikolojisi: Normal ve anormal içinde (ss. 51-76). Gazi Kitabevi.

FRAI Algorithms

Factors Influencing Trust in Algorithmic Decision-Making: An Indirect Scenario-Based Experiment

Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos, Rebecca Marrone, Malgorzata Korolkiewicz, Florence Gabriel, George Siemens, Srecko Joksimovic, Yuki Yamada, Yuki Mori, Talal Rahwan, Maria Sahakyan, Belona Sonna, Assylbek Meirmanov, Aidos Bolatov, Bidisha Som, Izuchukwu Ndukaihe, Nwadiogo C. Arinze, Josef Kundrát, Lenka Skanderová, Van-Giang Ngo, Giang Nguyen, Michelle Lacia, Chun-Chia Kung, Meiselina Irmayanti, Abdul Muktadir, Fransiska Timoria Samosir, Marco Tullio Liuzza, Roberto Giorgini, Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Hassan Banaruee, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Kris Ariyabuddhiphongs, Wachirawit Rakchai, Natalia Trujillo, Stella Maris Valencia, Armina Janyan, Kiril Kostov, Pedro R. Montoro, Jose Hinojosa, Kelsey Medeiros, Thomas E. Hunt, Julian Posada, Raquel Meister Ko Freitag, and Julian Tejada

Algorithms are involved in decisions ranging from trivial to significant, but people often express distrust toward them. Research suggests that educational efforts to explain how algorithms work may help mitigate this distrust. In a study of 1,921 participants from 20 countries, we examined differences in algorithmic trust for low-stakes and high-stakes decisions. Our results suggest that statistical literacy is negatively associated with trust in algorithms for high-stakes situations, while it is positively associated with trust in low-stakes scenarios with high algorithm familiarity. However, explainability did not appear to influence trust in algorithms. We conclude that having statistical literacy enables individuals to critically evaluate the decisions made by algorithms, data and AI, and consider them alongside other factors before making significant life decisions. This ensures that individuals are not solely relying on algorithms that may not fully capture the complexity and nuances of human behavior and decision-making. Therefore, policymakers should consider promoting statistical/AI literacy to address some of the complexities associated with trust in algorithms. This work paves the way for further research, including the triangulation of data with direct observations of user interactions with algorithms or physiological measures to assess trust more accurately.

Keywords: algorithms, data, AI, trust, statistical literacy, explainability

Citation: Marmolejo-Ramos, F., Marrone, R., Korolkiewicz, M., Gabriel, F., Siemens, G., Joksimovic, S., Yamada, Y., Mori, Y., Rahwan, T., Sahakyan, M., Sonna, B., Meirmanov, A., Bolatov, A., Som, B., Ndukaihe, I., Arinze, N. C., Kundrát, J., Skanderová, L., Ngo, V.-G., . . . Tejada, J. (2025). Factors influencing trust in algorithmic decision-making: An indirect scenario-based experiment. Frontiers in Artificial Intelligence, 7, 1465605. https://doi.org/10.3389/frai.2024.1465605

PSP Partner Preference

A Worldwide Test of the Predictive Validity of Ideal Partner Preference Matching

Paul W. Eastwick, Jehan Sparks, Eli J. Finkel, Eva M. Meza, Matúš Adamkovič, Peter Adu, Ting Ai, Aderonke A. Akintola, Laith Al-Shawaf, Denisa Apriliawati, Patrícia Arriaga, Benjamin Aubert-Teillaud, Gabriel Baník, Krystian Barzykowski, Carlota Batres, Katherine J. Baucom, Elizabeth Z. Beaulieu, Maciej Behnke, Natalie Butcher, Deborah Y. Charles, Jane Minyan Chen, Jeong Eun Cheon, Phakkanun Chittham, Patrycja Chwiłkowska, Chin Wen Cong, Lee T. Copping, Nadia S. Corral-Frias, Vera Ćubela Adorić, Mikaela Dizon, Hongfei Du, Michael I. Ehinmowo, Daniela A. Escribano, Natalia M. Espinosa, Francisca Expósito, Gilad Feldman, Raquel Freitag, Martha Frias Armenta, Albina Gallyamova, Omri Gillath, Biljana Gjoneska, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Franca Grafe, Dmitry Grigoryev, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Gul Gunaydin, Ruby Ilustrisimo, Emily Impett, Pavol Kačmár, Young-Hoon Kim, Mirosław Kocur, Marta Kowal, Maatangi Krishna, Paul Danielle Labor, Jackson G. Lu, Marc Y. Lucas, Wojciech P. Małecki, Klara Malinakova, Sofia Meißner, Zdeněk Meier, Michal Misiak, Amy Muise, Lukas Novak, Jiaqing O, Asil A. Özdoğru, Haeyoung Gideon Park, Mariola Paruzel, Zoran Pavlović, Marcell Püski, Gianni Ribeiro, S. Craig Roberts, Jan P. Röer, Ivan Ropovik, Robert M. Ross, Ezgi Sakman, Cristina E. Salvador, Emre Selcuk, Shayna Skakoon-Sparling, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Piotr Sorokowski, Ognen Spasovski, Sarah C. E. Stanton, Suzanne L. K. Stewart, Viren Swami, Barnabas Szaszi, Kaito Takashima, Peter Tavel, Julian Tejada, Eric Tu, Jarno Tuominen, David Vaidis, Zahir Vally, Leigh Ann Vaughn, Laura Villanueva-Moya, Dian Wisnuwardhani, Yuki Yamada, Fumiya Yonemitsu, Radka Žídková, Kristýna Živná, and Nicholas A. Coles

Ideal partner preferences (i.e., ratings of the desirability of attributes like attractiveness or intelligence) are the source of numerous foundational findings in the interdisciplinary literature on human mating. Recently, research on the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching (i.e., Do people positively evaluate partners who match vs. mismatch their ideals?) has become mired in several problems. First, articles exhibit discrepant analytic and reporting practices. Second, different findings emerge across laboratories worldwide, perhaps because they sample different relationship contexts and/or populations. This registered report—partnered with the Psychological Science Accelerator—uses a highly powered design (N = 10,358) across 43 countries and 22 languages to estimate preference-matching effect sizes. The most rigorous tests revealed significant preference-matching effects in the whole sample and for partnered and single participants separately. The “corrected pattern metric” that collapses across 35 traits revealed a zero-order effect of β = .19 and an effect of β = .11 when included alongside a normative preference-matching metric. Specific traits in the “level metric” (interaction) tests revealed very small (average β = .04) effects. Effect sizes were similar for partnered participants who reported ideals before entering a relationship, and there was no consistent evidence that individual differences moderated any effects. Comparisons between stated and revealed preferences shed light on gender differences and similarities: For attractiveness, men’s and (especially) women’s stated preferences underestimated revealed preferences (i.e., they thought attractiveness was less important than it actually was). For earning potential, men’s stated preferences underestimated—and women’s stated preferences overestimated—revealed preferences. Implications for the literature on human mating are discussed.

Keywords: attraction, close relationships, human mating, ideals, matching hypothesis

Citation: Eastwick, P. W., Sparks, J., Finkel, E. J., Meza, E. M., Adamkovič, M., Adu, P., Ai, T., Akintola, A. A., Al-Shawaf, L., Apriliawati, D., Arriaga, P., Aubert-Teillaud, B., Baník, G., Barzykowski, K., Batres, C., Baucom, K. J., Beaulieu, E. Z., Behnke, M., Butcher, N., . . . Coles, N. A. (2025). A worldwide test of the predictive validity of ideal partner preference matching. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 128(1), 123–146. https://doi.org/10.1037/pspp0000524

AMPPS RRR

Registered Replication Report: A Large Multilab Cross-Cultural Conceptual Replication of Turri et al. (2015)

Braeden Hall, Kathleen Schmidt, Jordan Wagge, Savannah C. Lewis, Sophia C. Weissgerber, Felix Kiunke, Gerit Pfuhl, Stefan Stieger, Ulrich S. Tran, Krystian Barzykowski, Natalia Bogatyreva, Marta Kowal, KarlIJn Massar, Felizitas Pernerstofer, Piotr Sorokowski, Martin Voracek, Christopher R. Chartier, Mark J. Brandt, Jon E. Grahe, Asil A. Özdoğru, Michael R. Andreychik, Sau-Chin Chen, Thomas R. Evans, Caro Hautekiet, Hans IJzerman, Pavol Kačmár, Anthony J. Krafnick, Erica D. Musser, Evie Vergauwe, Kaitlyn M. Werner, Balazs Aczel, Patrícia Arriaga, Carlota Batres, Jennifer L. Beaudry, Florian Cova, Simona Ďurbisová, Leslie D. Cramblet Alvarez, Gilad Feldman, Hendrik Godbersen, Jaroslav Gottfried, Gerald J. Haeffel, Andree Hartanto, Chris Isloi, Joseph P. McFall, Marina Milyavskaya, David Moreau, Ester Nosáľová, Kostas Papaioannou, Susana Ruiz-Fernandez, Jana Schrötter, Daniel Storage, Kevin Vezirian, Leonhard Volz, Yanna J. Weisberg, Qinyu Xiao, Dana Awlia, Hannah W. Branit, Megan R. Dunn, Agata Groyecka-Bernard, Ricky Haneda, Julita Kielinska, Caroline Kolle, Paweł Lubomski, Alexys M. Miller, Martin J. Mækelæ, Mytro Pantazi, Rafael R. Ribeiro, Robert M. Ross, Agnieszka Sorokowska, Christopher L. Aberson, Xanthippi Alexi Vassiliou, Bradley J. Baker, Miklos Bognar, Chin Wen Cong, Alex F. Danvers, William E. Davis, Vilius Dranseika, Andrei Dumbravă, Harry Farmer, Andy P. Field, Patrick S. Forscher, Aurélien Graton, Nandor Hajdu, Peter A. Howlett, Radosław Kabut, Emmett M. Larsen, Sean T. H. Lee, Nicole Legate, Carmel A. Levitan, Neil Levy, Jackson G. Lu, Michał Misiak, Roxana E. Morariu, Jennifer Novak, Ekaterina Pronizius, Irina Prusova, Athulya S. Rathnayake, Marina O. Romanova, Jan P. Röer, Waldir M. Sampaio, Christoph Schild, Michael Schulte-Mecklenbeck, Ian D. Stephen, Peter Szecsi, Elizabeth Takacs, Julia N. Teeter, Elian H. Thiele-Evans, Julia Valeiro-Paterlini, Iris Vilares, Louise Villafana, Ke Wang, Raymond Wu, Sara Álvarez-Solas, Hannah Moshontz, and Erin M. Buchanan

According to the justified true belief (JTB) account of knowledge, people can truly know something only if they have a belief that is both justified and true (i.e., knowledge is JTB). This account was challenged by Gettier, who argued that JTB does not explain knowledge attributions in certain situations, later called “Gettier-type cases,” wherein protagonists are justified in believing something to be true, but their belief was correct only because of luck. Laypeople may not attribute knowledge to protagonists with justified but only luckily true beliefs. Although some research has found evidence for these so-called Gettier intuitions, Turri et al. found no evidence that participants attributed knowledge in a counterfeit-object Gettier-type case differently than in a matched case of JTB. In a large-scale, cross-cultural conceptual replication of Turri and colleagues’ Experiment 1 (N = 4,724) using a within-participants design and three vignettes across 19 geopolitical regions, we did find evidence for Gettier intuitions; participants were 1.86 times more likely to attribute knowledge to protagonists in standard cases of JTB than to protagonists in Gettier-type cases. These results suggest that Gettier intuitions may be detectable across different scenarios and cultural contexts. However, the size of the Gettier intuition effect did vary by vignette, and the Turri et al. vignette produced the smallest effect, which was similar in size to that observed in the original study. Differences across vignettes suggest that epistemic intuitions may also depend on contextual factors unrelated to the criteria of knowledge, such as the characteristics of the protagonist being evaluated.

Keywords: folk epistemology, beliefs, social cognition, epistemic intuitions, justified true belief, multilevel modeling, multilab, replication

Citation: Hall, B., Schmidt, K., Wagge, J., Lewis, S. C., Weissgerber, S. C., Kiunke, F., Pfuhl, G., Stieger, S., Tran, U. S., Barzykowski, K., Bogatyreva, N., Kowal, M., Massar, K., Pernerstofer, F., Sorokowski, P., Voracek, M., Chartier, C. R., Brandt, M. J., Grahe, J. E., . . . Buchanan, E. M. (2024). Registered replication report: A large multilab cross-cultural conceptual replication of Turri et al. (2015). Advances in Methods and Practices in Psychological Science, 7(4), 1-38. https://doi.org/10.1177/25152459241267902

Scientific Data Climate Psychology

The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate Change-Related Data Collected From 63 Countries

Kimberly C. Doell, Boryana Todorova, Madalina Vlasceanu, Joseph B. Bak Coleman, Ekaterina Pronizius, Philipp Schumann, Flavio Azevedo, Yash Patel, Michael M. Berkebile-Wineberg, Cameron Brick, Florian Lange, Samantha J. Grayson, Yifei Pei, Alek Chakroff, Karlijn L. van den Broek, Claus Lamm, Denisa Vlasceanu, Sara M. Constantino, Steve Rathje, Danielle Goldwert, Ke Fang, Salvatore Maria Aglioti, Mark Alfano, Andy J. Alvarado-Yepez, Angélica Andersen, Frederik Anseel, Matthew A. J. Apps, Chillar Asadli, Fonda Jane Awuor, Piero Basaglia, Jocelyn J. Bélanger, Sebastian Berger, Paul Bertin, Michał Białek, Olga Bialobrzeska, Michelle Blaya-Burgo, Daniëlle N. M. Bleize, Simen Bø, Lea Boecker, Paulo S. Boggio, Sylvie Borau, Sylvie Borau, Björn Bos, Ayoub Bouguettaya, Markus Brauer, Tymofii Brik, Roman Briker, Tobias Brosch, Ondrej Buchel, Daniel Buonauro, Radhika Butalia, Héctor Carvacho, Sarah A. E. Chamberlain, Hang-Yee Chan, Dawn Chow, Dongil Chung, Luca Cian, Noa Cohen-Eick, Luis Sebastian Contreras-Huerta, Davide Contu, Vladimir Cristea, Jo Cutler, Silvana D’Ottone, Jonas De keersmaecker, Sarah Delcourt, Sylvain Delouvée, Kathi Diel, Benjamin D. Douglas, Moritz A. Drupp, Shreya Dubey, Jānis Ekmanis, Christian T. Elbaek, Mahmoud Elsherif, Iris M. Engelhard, Yannik A. Escher, Tom W. Etienne, Laura Farage, Ana Rita Farias, Stefan Feuerriegel, Andrej Findor, Lucia Freira, Malte Friese, Neil Philip Gains, Albina Gallyamova, Sandra J. Geiger, Oliver Genschow, Biljana Gjoneska, Theofilos Gkinopoulos, Beth Goldberg, Amit Goldenberg, Sarah Gradidge, Simone Grassini, Kurt Gray, Sonja Grelle, Siobhán M. Griffin, Lusine Grigoryan, Ani Grigoryan, Dmitry Grigoryev, June Gruber, Johnrev Guilaran, Britt Hadar, Ulf J. J. Hahnel, Eran Halperin, Annelie J. Harvey, Christian A. P. Haugestad, Aleksandra M. Herman, Hal E. Hershfield, Toshiyuki Himichi, Donald W. Hine, Wilhelm Hofmann, Lauren Howe, Enma T. Huaman-Chulluncuy, Guanxiong Huang, Tatsunori Ishii, Ayahito Ito, Fanli Jia, John T. Jost, Veljko Jovanović, Dominika Jurgiel, Ondřej Kácha, Reeta Kankaanpää, Jaroslaw Kantorowicz, Elena Kantorowicz-Reznichenko, Keren Kaplan Mintz, Ilker Kaya, Ozgur Kaya, Narine Khachatryan, Anna Klas, Colin Klein, Christian A. Klöckner, Lina Koppel, Alexandra I. Kosachenko, Emily J. Kothe, Ruth Krebs, Amy R. Krosch, Andre P. M. Krouwel, Yara Kyrychenko, Maria Lagomarsino, Julia Lee Cunningham, Jeffrey Lees, Tak Yan Leung, Neil Levy, Patricia L. Lockwood, Chiara Longoni, Alberto López Ortega, David D. Loschelder, Jackson G. Lu, Yu Luo, Joseph Luomba, Annika E. Lutz, Johann M. Majer, Ezra Markowitz, Abigail A. Marsh, Karen Louise Mascarenhas, Bwambale Mbilingi, Winfred Mbungu, Cillian McHugh, Marijn H. C. Meijers, Hugo Mercier, Fenant Laurent Mhagama, Katerina Michalaki, Nace Mikus, Sarah G. Milliron, Panagiotis Mitkidis, Fredy S. Monge-Rodríguez, Youri L. Mora, Michael J. Morais, David Moreau, Kosuke Motoki, Manuel Moyano, Mathilde Mus, Joaquin Navajas, Tam Luong Nguyen, Dung Minh Nguyen, Trieu Nguyen, Laura Niemi, Sari R. R. Nijssen, Gustav Nilsonne, Jonas P. Nitschke, Laila Nockur, Ritah Okura, Sezin Öner, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Helena Palumbo, Costas Panagopoulos, Maria Serena Panasiti, Philip Pärnamets, Mariola Paruzel-Czachura, Yuri G. Pavlov, César Payán-Gómez, Adam R. Pearson, Leonor Pereira da Costa, Hannes M. Petrowsky, Stefan Pfattheicher, Nhat Tan Pham, Vladimir Ponizovskiy, Clara Pretus, Gabriel G. Rêgo, Ritsaart Reimann, Shawn A. Rhoads, Julian Riano-Moreno, Isabell Richter, Jan Philipp Röer, Jahred Rosa-Sullivan, Robert M. Ross, Anandita Sabherwal, Toshiki Saito, Oriane Sarrasin, Nicolas Say, Katharina Schmid, Michael T. Schmitt, Philipp Schoenegger, Christin Scholz, Mariah G. Schug, Stefan Schulreich, Ganga Shreedhar, Eric Shuman, Smadar Sivan, Hallgeir Sjåstad, Meikel Soliman, Katia Soud, Tobia Spampatti, Gregg Sparkman, Ognen Spasovski, Samantha K. Stanley, Jessica A. Stern, Noel Strahm, Yasushi Suko, Sunhae Sul, Stylianos Syropoulos, Neil C. Taylor, Elisa Tedaldi, Gustav Tinghög, Luu Duc Toan Huynh, Giovanni Antonio Travaglino, Manos Tsakiris, İlayda Tüter, Michael Tyrala, Özden Melis Uluğ, Arkadiusz Urbanek, Danila Valko, Sander van der Linden, Kevin van Schie, Aart van Stekelenburg, Edmunds Vanags, Daniel Västfjäll, Stepan Vesely, Jáchym Vintr, Marek Vranka, Patrick Otuo Wanguche, Robb Willer, Adrian Dominik Wojcik, Rachel Xu, Anjali Yadav, Magdalena Zawisza, Xian Zhao, Jiaying Zhao, Dawid Żuk, and Jay J. Van Bavel

Climate change is currently one of humanity’s greatest threats. To help scholars understand the psychology of climate change, we conducted an online quasi-experimental survey on 59,508 participants from 63 countries (collected between July 2022 and July 2023). In a between-subjects design, we tested 11 interventions designed to promote climate change mitigation across four outcomes: climate change belief, support for climate policies, willingness to share information on social media, and performance on an effortful pro-environmental behavioural task. Participants also reported their demographic information (e.g., age, gender) and several other independent variables (e.g., political orientation, perceptions about the scientific consensus). In the no-intervention control group, we also measured important additional variables, such as environmentalist identity and trust in climate science. We report the collaboration procedure, study design, raw and cleaned data, all survey materials, relevant analysis scripts, and data visualisations. This dataset can be used to further the understanding of psychological, demographic, and national-level factors related to individual-level climate action and how these differ across countries.

Subjects: Climate-change mitigation, Human behaviour

Citation: Doell, K. C., Todorova, B., Vlasceanu, M., Bak Coleman, J. B., Pronizius, E., Schumann, P., Azevedo, F., Patel, Y., Berkebile-Wineberg, M. M., Brick, C., Lange, F., Grayson, S. J., Pei, Y., Chakroff, A., van den Broek, K. L., Lamm, C., Vlasceanu, D., Constantino, S. M., Rathje, S., . . . Van Bavel, J. J. (2024). The International Climate Psychology Collaboration: Climate change-related data collected from 63 countries. Scientific Data, 11, 1066. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41597-024-03865-1

M&C Embodied Cognition

Where the ‘Bad’ and the ‘Good’ Go: A Multi-Lab Direct Replication Report of Casasanto (2009, Experiment 1)

Yuki Yamada, Jin Xue, Panpan Li, Susana Ruiz-Fernández, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Şahsenem Sarı, Sergio C. Torres, José A. Hinojosa, Pedro R. Montoro, Bedoor AlShebli, Aidos K. Bolatov, Grant J. McGeechan, Mircea Zloteanu, Irene Razpurker-Apfeld, Adil Samekin, Nurit Tal-Or, Julian Tejada, Raquel Freitag, Omid Khatin-Zadeh, Hassan Banaruee, Nicolas Robin, Guillermo Briseño-Sanchez, Carlos J. Barrera-Causil, and Fernando Marmolejo-Ramos

Casasanto (Journal of Experimental Psychology: General, 138, 351–367, 2009) conceptualised the body-specificity hypothesis by empirically finding that right-handed people tend to associate a positive valence with the right side and a negative valence with the left side, whilst left-handed people tend to associate a positive valence with the left side and negative valence with the right side. Thus, this was the first paper that showed a body-specific space–valence mapping. These highly influential findings led to a substantial body of research and follow-up studies, which could confirm the original findings on a conceptual level. However, direct replications of the original study are scarce. Against this backdrop and given the replication crisis in psychology, we conducted a direct replication of Casasanto’s original study with 2,222 participants from 12 countries to examine the aforementioned effects in general and also in a cross-cultural comparison. Our results support Casasanto’s findings that right-handed people associate the right side with positivity and the left side with negativity and vice versa for left-handers.

Keywords: Embodied cognition, Body-specificity hypothesis, Social cognition, Conceptual mapping, Space–valence association, Handedness, Big team science

Citation: Yamada, Y., Xue, J., Li, P., Ruiz-Fernández, S., Özdoğru, A. A., Sarı, Ş., Torres, S. C., Hinojosa, J. A., Montoro, P. R., AlShebli, B., Bolatov, A. K., McGeechan, G. J., Zloteanu, M., Razpurker-Apfeld, I., Samekin, A., Tal-Or, N., Tejada, J., Freitag, R., Khatin-Zadeh, O., . . . Marmolejo-Ramos, F. (2024). Where the ‘bad’ and the ‘good’ go: A multi-lab direct replication report of Casasanto (2009, Experiment 1). Memory & Cognition. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.3758/s13421-024-01637-1

Psi Chi Family Dynamics

Understanding Family Dynamics in a Cross-Cultural Sample: A Multi-National Study

Mary Moussa Rogers, Kelly Cuccolo, Cliff McKinney, John E. Edlund, Jon E. Grahe, Martha S. Zlokovich, Lisa M. Bauer, Tatyana El-Kour, Tabea Hässler, Fanli Jia, Jill Norvilitis, Christina Shane-Simpson, R. Andrew Yockey, Leslie D. Cramblet Alvarez, Léïla Eisner, Thomas Rhys Evans, Hojjatollah Farahani, Sara Haden, Gina Hawkins, Yoshito Kawabata, Tara Stoppa, Asil Ali Özdoğru, Handan Akkas, Olenka Dworakowski, Amber Matteson, Tifani Fletcher, Anamaries Garcia Marrero, Stephanie Godleski, Courtney L. Gosnell, Lynn Heydasch, Amanda Jerge, Arazais D. Oliveros, Melahat Özge Şimşek, Jessica J. Wegman, Stephanie Wright, Sibo Zhao, Parvis Azadfallah, Rhiannon Gibbs, Christopher Koch, Israel Meth, Kalu T. U. Ogba, Irem Metin-Orta, Christopher Redker, Casiana Reyes, Lisa H. Rosen, Rhonda N. Balzarini, and Zornitsa Kalibatseva

The Family Systems Circumplex Model posits that balanced levels of cohesion and adaptability are associated with positive familial outcomes, whereas extremely high or low levels of these factors are associated with deleterious outcomes. Despite the popularity and utility of this model in Western cultures, there is a dearth of empirical data supporting its use in more culturally diverse contexts. The current, preregistered study assessed the Family Circumplex Model, cultural factors, and emerging adult outcomes across 7 countries (i.e., China, Iran, Nigeria, Switzerland, Turkey, the United Kingdom, and the United States). Participants were N = 3,593 emerging adults, mostly self-identifying as women (71.3%). Collaborators were participants in Psi Chi’s Network for International Collaborative Exchange (NICE) and administered measures related to family dynamics and cultural orientation to participants in a random order. Results indicated that the Family Circumplex Model did not fit cross-culturally. As such, a new model was adapted, the Expanded Circumplex Model, which demonstrated invariance across samples and between women and men. The Expanded Circumplex Model retained 6 constructs with differences regarding the separation of disengagement into 2 variables and the combining of adaptive flexibility and cohesion. The current study suggests that the cultural context in which family dynamics occur should be taken into consideration when conceptualizing family dynamics theory and measurement. Future work should seek to replicate and further apply the Expanded Circumplex Model to familial outcomes.

Keywords: Family Circumplex Model, family dynamics, open science, cross-cultural psychology

Citation: Moussa Rogers, M., Cuccolo, K., McKinney, C., Edlund, J. E., Grahe, J. E., Zlokovich, M. S., Bauer, L. M., El-Kour, T., Hässler, B., Jia, F., Norvilitis, J., Shane-Simpson, C., Yockey, R. A., Cramblet Alvarez, L. D., Eisner, L., Rhys Evans, T., Farahani, H., Haden, S., Hawkins, G., . . . Kalibatseva, Z. (2024). Understanding family dynamics in a cross-cultural sample: A multi-national study. Psi Chi Journal of Psychological Research, 29(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.24839/2325-7342.JN29.2.140

PTAD OUS

Structural Validity Evidence for the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale Across 15 Languages

Briana Oshiro, William H. B. McAuliffe, Raymond Luong, Anabela C. Santos, Andrej Findor, Anna O. Kuzminska, Anthony Lantian, Asil A. Özdoğru, Balazs Aczel, Bojana M. Dinić, Christopher R. Chartier, Jasper Hidding, Job A. M. de Grefte, John Protzko, Mairead Shaw, Maximilian A. Primbs, Nicholas A. Coles, Patricia Arriaga, Patrick S. Forscher, Savannah C. Lewis, Tamás Nagy, Wieteke C. de Vries, William Jimenez-Leal, Yansong Li, and Jessica Kay Flake

Background: The Psychological Science Accelerator (PSA) recently completed a large-scale moral psychology study using translated versions of the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale (OUS). However, the translated versions have no validity evidence. Objective: The study investigated the structural validity evidence of the OUS across 15 translated versions and produced version-specific validity reports. Methods: We analyzed OUS data from the PSA, which was collected internationally on a centralized online questionnaire. We also collected qualitative feedback from experts for each translated version. Results: For each version, we produced version-specific psychometric reports which include the following: (1) descriptive item and demographics analyses, (2) factor structure evidence using confirmatory factor analyses, (3) measurement invariance testing across languages using multiple-group confirmatory factor analyses and alignment optimization, and (4) reliability analyses using coefficients α and ω.

Keywords: Oxford Utilitarianism Scale, translation, measurement invariance, reliability, Psychological Science Accelerator

Citation: Oshiro, B., McAuliffe, W. H. B., Luong, R., Santos, A. C., Findor, A., Kuzminska, A. O., Lantian, A., Özdoğru, A. A., Aczel, B., Dinić, B. M., Chartier, C. R., Hidding, J., de Grefte, J. A. M., Protzko, J., Shaw, M., Primbs, M. A., Coles, N. A., Arriaga, P., Forscher, P. S., . . . Flake, J. K. (2024). Structural validity evidence for the Oxford Utilitarianism Scale across 15 languages. Psychological Test Adaptation and Development, 5(1), 175-191. https://doi.org/10.1027/2698-1866/a000061

GSOA Bostan

Bostan Oyunu

Asil Ali Özdoğru

Bostan Oyunu, çocuk ve ergenler tarafından Anadolu’da oynanan araçlı ve kurallı bir geleneksel çocuk oyunudur. Doğal oyuncaklardan toprak kullanılarak oynanan oyun, gruplar hâlinde ve açık alanda oynanmaktadır.

Bostan Oyunu’nun tarihiyle ilgili açık bir bilgi tespit edilememiş olsa da oyunun doğal araçlarla oynanan basit ve kolay bir oyun olması eski bir oyun olduğuna işaret etmektedir. Kaşgarlı Mahmut’un hazırladığı Dîvânu Lugâti’t-Türk adlı eserde toprakla oynanan benzer oyunlar yer almaktadır (Savcı, 2022). Bostan Oyunu’nun da benzer bir tarihî geçmişe ve gelişime sahip olduğu düşünülebilir. ...

Atıf: Özdogru, A. A. (2024). Bostan oyunu. Geleneksel sporlar ve oyunlar ansiklopedisi. https://encyclopedia.worldethnosport.org/spor-detay/bostan-oyunu